Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari: Best Guide 2027

A Uganda birding and chimpanzee safari combines two of the country’s most rewarding nature experiences: searching for birds across forests, wetlands and savannahs, and walking through tropical forest in search of wild chimpanzees. Rather than concentrating only on a traditional game drive, this type of safari allows travelers to experience Uganda at a slower pace, listening for forest calls, watching primates in the canopy and exploring several contrasting ecosystems.

Uganda is particularly suitable for this combination because important chimpanzee habitats can be incorporated into wider birding routes. Kibale National Park is the centerpiece of many itineraries, while longer journeys can connect Kibale with Bigodi Wetland, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Semuliki National Park, Murchison Falls and other bird-rich areas. Uganda Wildlife Authority describes Kibale as a major primate destination and reports roughly 370 bird species in the park.

Depending on the itinerary, birders can search for forest species, wetland birds, raptors, kingfishers, hornbills, turacos and Albertine Rift specialties. Travelers can also add gorilla trekking, game drives, boat safaris and other primate experiences.

Wild Planet Safaris can tailor a Uganda birding and chimpanzee safari around the number of days available, particular birds a traveler hopes to find, preferred accommodation level and additional interests such as photography, gorilla trekking or classic wildlife viewing.

What Is a Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari?

A Uganda birding and chimpanzee safari combines guided birdwatching with chimpanzee tracking within one itinerary.

Some trips concentrate primarily on Kibale and the surrounding forests and wetlands. Longer safaris travel through several ecological zones, giving birdwatchers opportunities to search for species associated with tropical forest, papyrus wetlands, open savannah, woodland, lakes and river systems.

The experience is particularly suitable for travelers who do not want their Uganda holiday to revolve around only one activity.

What to Expect on a Birding and Chimpanzee Safari

Days often begin early because mornings can be productive for bird activity. Your guide may lead you along forest trails, wetland paths or woodland edges while helping locate and identify birds by sight and sound.

Chimpanzee-tracking days operate differently. Visitors report for registration and a briefing before entering the forest with authorized guides. The length of the search depends on where the chimpanzees are moving and feeding.

At Kibale, UWA currently states that guided chimpanzee tracking is offered from the Kanyanchu area and that the experience can take several hours depending on chimpanzee movements, terrain and other conditions. Current schedules, rules and availability should always be reconfirmed for the travel date Uganda Wildlife Authority

Other days may include game drives, boat trips, community wetland walks or dedicated bird-photography sessions.

Who Should Choose This Safari?

This combination works particularly well for birdwatchers who also have an interest in primates. It can also suit wildlife photographers, couples, solo travelers, nature enthusiasts and travelers making their first visit to Uganda.

Experienced birders can request a more specialized itinerary built around target species, while beginners can choose a broader safari combining easily observed birds with chimpanzees and larger wildlife.

Why Choose Uganda for a Birding and Chimpanzee Safari?

The main advantage is diversity.

Instead of traveling solely for chimpanzees or solely for birds, visitors can move between several habitats and experience very different wildlife communities during one journey.

Birding and Primates in the Same Journey

Kibale is an obvious example of this combination. Chimpanzees are the major primate attraction, but the forest also supports rich birdlife. UWA specifically promotes both chimpanzee tracking and birding in Kibale, including birding on forest trails around Kanyanchu and Sebitoli.

A well-designed itinerary gives each activity enough time. Serious birders should generally avoid trying to make their chimpanzee trek double as their main birding excursion. Dedicated birding periods allow guides and travelers to move at the slower pace required for locating forest species.

Diverse Birding Habitats

A longer safari can combine:

• Tropical rainforest
• Forest edge
• Papyrus wetland
• Freshwater lakes
• Rivers and channels
• Acacia woodland
• Open grassland
• Montane forest
• Savannah

Moving between these habitats is important because different bird communities depend on different ecosystems.

Forest Birding Opportunities

Kibale, Bwindi, Semuliki and Budongo are among the forests that can be incorporated into specialist itineraries.

Forest birding is different from birding on an open savannah. Birds may remain high in the canopy or concealed behind vegetation, and identification often begins with calls rather than visual sightings.

This can make forest birding challenging, but also particularly rewarding.

Birding, Chimpanzees and Classic Wildlife

Travelers do not have to choose between primates and a traditional African safari.

By adding Queen Elizabeth or Murchison Falls, the itinerary can include game drives and boat excursions alongside forest activities.

UWA highlights Murchison Falls for general bird diversity and shoebill possibilities, while identifying Bwindi and Mgahinga as important destinations for Albertine Rift birds.

Best Places for a Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari

The destinations you choose should depend on the length of the safari and your priorities. A short safari may focus almost entirely on Kibale, while a two-week journey can incorporate several forests, wetlands and savannah parks.

Kibale National Park : The Heart of the Experience

For many travelers, Kibale National Park should be the core destination of a Uganda birding and chimpanzee safari.

The park lies in western Uganda and contains a mixture of forest and other habitats. Its combination of primate diversity and birdlife makes it particularly suitable for travelers wanting both experiences.

UWA says Kibale’s Kanyanchu chimpanzee community has been monitored and habituated for tourism over many years, and chimpanzee tracking remains one of the park’s principal visitor activities.

Birding in Kibale

Birding should be given dedicated time rather than squeezed around other activities.

Forest walks can reveal birds in the canopy, understory and forest edges. Potential targets vary considerably with location, season and luck.

Birders may search for species such as the green-breasted pitta, black bee-eater, great blue turaco, African grey parrot and numerous other forest birds.

Rare or secretive species should always be treated as targets rather than guaranteed sightings.

Chimpanzee Tracking in Kibale

On the tracking day, visitors enter the forest with trained guides after a briefing.

The experience involves walking through the forest while guides search for signs and listen for chimpanzee vocalizations. Once a group is located, visitors follow the viewing rules explained during the briefing.

Travelers should check the latest rules when booking because permit conditions, schedules and management arrangements can change. UWA maintains official chimpanzee tracking information and permit guidelines.

Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary : An Excellent Addition to Kibale

A visit to Bigodi complements forest birding because it introduces wetland and forest-edge habitats.

UWA’s Kibale material specifically recommends combining forest birding with Bigodi Wetland Sanctuary, which lies outside the park.

Birders can spend time walking through wetland and secondary vegetation while searching for species such as the great blue turaco, papyrus-associated birds, barbets, sunbirds and other forest-edge species.

The experience can also provide opportunities to encounter monkeys and other wildlife.

Because Bigodi can be incorporated around a stay near Kibale, it reduces unnecessary driving and gives travelers more time in the field.

Budongo Forest : Forest Birds and Primates

Budongo can be incorporated into a northern Uganda itinerary, particularly when travelers also want to visit Murchison Falls National Park.

It is well known among birders for forest species that may be difficult to encounter in more open ecosystems.

Birding Along the Royal Mile

The Royal Mile is associated with specialist forest birding. Depending on conditions and luck, birders may search for birds such as the chocolate-backed kingfisher, white-thighed hornbill, African dwarf kingfisher, African emerald cuckoo and various forest flycatchers and understory species.

Birding here rewards patience.

A guide who recognizes calls can be particularly useful because some forest birds are heard long before they are seen.

Combining Budongo and Murchison Falls

This is a strong combination because it creates a transition from dense forest to open savannah and the Nile ecosystem.

After forest birding, travelers can continue into Murchison Falls for game drives, river-based birding and general wildlife viewing.

Mabamba Swamp : Add Shoebill Birding

For travelers arriving through Entebbe, Mabamba Swamp can be a practical addition near the beginning or end of a longer safari.

The main attraction for birdwatchers is the opportunity to search for the shoebill.

Birding is generally undertaken through the wetland channels with a local guide. In addition to shoebills, travelers can look for kingfishers, herons, jacanas, egrets and other water-associated species.

Shoebill sightings should never be advertised as guaranteed. They are wild birds moving within a natural ecosystem.

A Mabamba excursion also introduces travelers to wetland birding before the safari continues toward Uganda’s forests.

Semuliki National Park :For More Specialized Birding

Serious birders can add Semuliki to a western Uganda circuit.

Its forest environment adds another dimension to an itinerary already containing Kibale. UWA highlights Semuliki as an important location for birds associated with the Guinea-Congo biome.

Semuliki is particularly suitable for travelers whose priority is building a diverse bird list rather than simply visiting Uganda’s most famous tourist attractions.

Allow enough time for patient forest birding rather than treating it as a quick roadside stop.

Queen Elizabeth National Park : Birds, Wildlife and Boat Safari

After Kibale, many itineraries can continue toward Queen Elizabeth National Park.

This changes the character of the safari considerably.

Travelers move from dense forest into a landscape containing open grasslands, wetlands, lakes, channels and woodland.

Birdwatching can take place during game drives as well as around aquatic environments.

A boat excursion on the Kazinga Channel can add waterbirds while also providing opportunities to observe wildlife along the shoreline.

Queen Elizabeth therefore acts as an effective bridge between the chimpanzee forests of Kibale and the mountain forests of Bwindi.

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park :Albertine Rift Birding and Gorillas

Travelers with additional time can continue to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park.

For birders, the main attraction is the opportunity to explore an important Albertine Rift forest environment. UWA identifies Bwindi, together with Mgahinga, as an accessible destination for Albertine Rift endemic birds.

A dedicated birding day gives travelers time to explore appropriate forest trails with a guide.

For those wanting another primate highlight, a separate gorilla trekking day can be added.

This creates one of Uganda’s most varied nature itineraries:

Kibale: chimpanzees + forest birds
Queen Elizabeth: savannah + waterbirds + wildlife
Bwindi: Albertine Rift birds + mountain gorillas

Birds to Look for on a Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari

The species encountered depend strongly on the itinerary.

Rather than thinking of Uganda as one uniform birding destination, it is better to consider the birds according to habitat.

Forest Birds

Potential forest targets may include:

• Green-breasted pitta
• Black bee-eater
• Great blue turaco
• African grey parrot
• Hornbills
• Barbets
• Forest robins
• Flycatchers
• Tinkerbirds
• Sunbirds

Some species are secretive and can require considerable time and patience.

Wetland Birds

Wetlands can provide opportunities to search for:

• Shoebill
• African jacana
• Papyrus-associated birds
• Kingfishers
• Herons
• Egrets
• Storks
• Cormorants
• Other waterbirds

Savannah and Woodland Birds

When Queen Elizabeth, Murchison Falls or Lake Mburo is included, the bird list expands to open-country species.

Birders may encounter:

• Ground hornbills
• Rollers
• Bee-eaters
• Raptors
• Lapwings
• Storks
• Weavers
• Various grassland birds

Albertine Rift Birds

A safari continuing into Bwindi or Mgahinga can concentrate on Albertine Rift species.

This is particularly attractive to experienced international birders with specific target lists.

Because birds are wild and factors such as weather, breeding activity and movement affect detectability, Wild Planet Safaris should never guarantee individual species.

Chimpanzee Tracking on a Uganda Birding Safari

Chimpanzee tracking is very different from ordinary birding and deserves dedicated time within the itinerary.

What Happens During Chimpanzee Tracking?

The experience normally begins with registration and a briefing.

Guides explain forest behavior, safety and wildlife-viewing rules before the group enters the forest.

The search may involve walking through uneven and sometimes muddy terrain while guides listen for vocalizations and look for signs of chimpanzee activity.

Chimpanzees are highly mobile. Their location cannot be predicted with complete certainty, and tracking duration can therefore vary.

Once chimpanzees are located, visitors observe them according to the applicable park regulations.

Chimpanzee Tracking vs Chimpanzee Habituation

Travelers should understand the distinction.

Standard chimpanzee tracking is designed around locating a habituated chimpanzee community and observing it under established visitor rules.

The Chimpanzee Habituation Experience is a more extended experience associated with chimpanzees undergoing habituation and can involve spending considerably more time in the forest. UWA describes habituation as a longer, more immersive activity than ordinary tracking.

Which option is better depends on the traveler. Someone primarily interested in birds may prefer ordinary tracking and use the remaining time for dedicated birding, while a primate enthusiast may value the longer habituation experience.

Sample Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari Itineraries

Wild Planet Safaris can customize the route according to available time rather than forcing every traveler into the same program.

3-Day Kibale Birding and Chimpanzee Safari

Day 1: Travel to Kibale and afternoon birding around suitable forest-edge habitat.

Day 2: Chimpanzee tracking followed by additional birding or Bigodi Wetland, depending on the day’s schedule.

Day 3: Early birding followed by the return journey.

This works best for travelers with limited time whose main priority is Kibale.

5-Day Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari

A five-day trip allows the experience to move at a more comfortable pace.

Day 1: Travel from Entebbe/Kampala to the Kibale region.

Day 2: Dedicated Kibale forest birding.

Day 3: Chimpanzee tracking and relaxed afternoon activity.

Day 4: Bigodi Wetland birding and additional forest-edge birdwatching.

Day 5: Morning birding followed by the return journey.

This is a better option for travelers who want birding to be a major part of the safari rather than a short activity added around chimpanzee tracking.

7-Day Birding, Chimpanzee and Wildlife Safari

A seven-day safari can combine Kibale with Queen Elizabeth National Park.

Day 1: Arrival or transfer toward western Uganda.

Day 2: Kibale forest birding.

Day 3: Chimpanzee tracking and Bigodi birding.

Day 4: Additional morning birding and transfer to Queen Elizabeth.

Day 5: Birding-focused game drive and wildlife viewing.

Day 6: Kazinga Channel experience and additional birdwatching.

Day 7: Return journey or onward travel.

This itinerary introduces both forest and savannah ecosystems.

10-Day Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari

Ten days provide much more flexibility.

A possible route is:

Mabamba → Murchison Falls → Budongo → Kibale → Bigodi → Queen Elizabeth

This journey combines:

• Shoebill-focused wetland birding
• Forest birding
• Chimpanzee tracking
• Savannah birding
• Boat-based birding
• Wildlife viewing

It is particularly suitable for travelers who want a broader Uganda experience without undertaking a very long specialist expedition.

14-Day Uganda Birding, Chimpanzee and Gorilla Safari

For travelers who want birds, chimpanzees, gorillas and classic wildlife, a two-week itinerary can provide a more complete experience.

A possible route is:

Entebbe → Mabamba → Murchison Falls → Budongo → Kibale → Bigodi → Queen Elizabeth → Bwindi → Lake Mburo → Entebbe

The safari can include:

• Shoebill searching
• Forest birding
• Chimpanzee tracking
• Savannah birding
• Boat excursions
• Gorilla trekking
• Albertine Rift birding
• Game drives
• Bird photography

The exact number of nights at each destination should depend on the traveler’s priorities.

A serious birder may prefer an extra night in Bwindi or Kibale, while a general wildlife traveler may want more time in Queen Elizabeth or Murchison Falls.

How Many Days Do You Need?

There is no single correct safari length.

3–5 days works for a short Kibale-centered trip.

7 days allows Kibale to be combined with another major ecosystem.

10 days provides a better balance between dedicated birding, chimpanzee tracking and wildlife.

14 days allows a much broader western and southwestern circuit.

18–21 days or longer is more appropriate for dedicated birders who want to spend significant time searching for specialist and less easily encountered species.

When birding is the priority, avoid visiting too many destinations too quickly. Spending another morning in a productive forest can be more valuable than spending half the day driving to another park.

Best Time for a Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari

Uganda birding and chimpanzee trips can operate throughout the year, but weather affects trail conditions, accessibility and the birding experience.

UWA broadly identifies June–August and December–February as dry-season periods that are favorable for primate tracking and savannah wildlife viewing. However, its Kibale information also notes that chimpanzee movements and forest conditions vary with food availability and rainfall.

Drier Periods

Drier conditions can make forest trails less muddy and road travel easier.

They can be attractive to travelers who want to combine chimpanzees with several national parks.

Wetter Periods

Rain creates greener landscapes but can make forest trails muddy and slippery.

Birdwatchers should not automatically dismiss wetter periods. Bird activity and breeding behavior vary by species and location, and specialist birding decisions should be made around target species rather than weather alone.

Migratory Birds

Travelers particularly interested in migrants should tell Wild Planet Safaris when requesting an itinerary so that travel timing and habitats can be considered during route planning.

There is no month that guarantees every target species.

How Much Does a Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari Cost?

There is no single price because two travelers can follow the same route but choose very different accommodation and activities.

The total cost depends on:

• Safari duration
• Number of travelers
• Accommodation category
• Chimpanzee permit
• Park entry fees
• Birding guide arrangements
• Private safari vehicle and fuel
• Boat excursions
• Gorilla permit if included
• Meals
• Airport transfers
• Number of parks visited
• Optional activities

Permit and conservation fees can change, so prices should be checked against the applicable UWA tariff rather than copied permanently into an article. UWA publishes tariffs and chimpanzee/gorilla permit guidance through its official publications

Budget Safari

Budget safaris normally use simpler accommodation while maintaining the essential guided activities and transport specified in the itinerary.

This category works well for travelers who prioritize wildlife experiences over luxury facilities.

Mid-Range Safari

Mid-range trips provide greater accommodation comfort while remaining more affordable than high-end luxury safaris.

This is often a practical balance for travelers spending 7–14 days in Uganda.

Luxury Safari

Luxury trips can incorporate higher-end lodges, premium rooms and more exclusive arrangements.

The core wildlife remains wild regardless of accommodation category; paying more does not guarantee better chimpanzee or bird sightings.

What to Pack for a Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari

Pack for walking, changing weather and long periods outdoors.

Important items include:

• 8×42 or 10×42 binoculars
• Camera and telephoto lens if required
• Waterproof or water-resistant hiking boots
• Long trousers
• Lightweight long-sleeved shirts
• Waterproof jacket
• Warm layer for cooler mornings
• Hat
• Sunscreen
• Insect repellent
• Reusable water bottle
• Lightweight daypack
• Bird field guide or app
• Spare camera batteries
• Memory cards
• Power bank
• Personal medication

Forest trails can be muddy and uneven, so footwear is particularly important.

Travelers should also keep their equipment manageable. Carrying several heavy camera lenses during a long forest walk can quickly become tiring.

Can You Combine Birding, Chimpanzees and Gorilla Trekking?

Yes. This is one of the strongest safari combinations available in western and southwestern Uganda.

A practical route can be:

Kibale → Queen Elizabeth → Bwindi

In Kibale, concentrate on forest birds and chimpanzees.

In Queen Elizabeth, switch to savannah and wetland birding while adding game drives and wildlife viewing.

In Bwindi, spend dedicated time searching for forest and Albertine Rift birds and add a separate mountain gorilla trekking day.

Keeping the major activities on separate days allows travelers to appreciate each experience properly.

Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari from Kigali

Travelers flying into Kigali can also build a cross-border Uganda itinerary.

Depending on the number of days available, the route can travel from Kigali toward southwestern Uganda, incorporate Bwindi and Queen Elizabeth, and continue north toward Kibale for chimpanzee tracking and forest birding.

The trip can then finish in Entebbe or return toward Kigali depending on the final itinerary.

This option is particularly useful for travelers who also want gorilla trekking in southwestern Uganda.

Border requirements, visas and entry rules should always be checked for the actual travel dates.

What Is Included in a Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari?

Inclusions vary by package, but a Wild Planet Safaris itinerary may include items such as:

• Safari vehicle and transportation
• Professional driver-guide
• Specialist birding guidance where specified
• Accommodation
• Meals according to the itinerary
• Chimpanzee permit when explicitly included
• Park entry fees
• Scheduled birding activities
• Boat activities where specified
• Drinking water in the safari vehicle
• Airport or hotel transfers where specified

Always check the individual quotation rather than assuming every activity is automatically included.

What Is Usually Not Included?

Depending on the package, exclusions may include:

• International flights
• Visa or entry expenses
• Travel insurance
• Personal purchases
• Tips and gratuities
• Alcoholic beverages
• Optional activities
• Additional accommodation outside the itinerary
• Activities not expressly listed as included

Wild Planet Safaris should provide the exact inclusions and exclusions with each quotation.

Responsible Birding and Chimpanzee Tourism

A successful wildlife safari should minimize disturbance to the animals being observed.

Birders should avoid unnecessarily approaching nests or repeatedly using playback simply to obtain closer photographs.

During chimpanzee tracking, visitors must follow ranger instructions and the applicable viewing rules. UWA maintains formal management guidelines covering chimpanzee and gorilla tracking, reservations, permits and related tourism procedures.

Travelers should also:

• Remain on authorized routes where required
• Avoid littering
• Keep noise under control
• Follow guide instructions
• Avoid feeding wildlife
• Respect local communities
• Avoid pressuring guides to guarantee sightings
• Give animals appropriate space

Responsible tourism helps protect the forests and wildlife that make these experiences possible.

Frequently Asked Questions About Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safaris

Where Is the Best Place for Birding and Chimpanzee Tracking in Uganda?

Kibale National Park is one of the most practical choices because chimpanzee tracking and forest birding can be experienced within the same destination. UWA also recommends combining Kibale birding with nearby Bigodi Wetland Uganda Wildlife Authority

Can I Combine Birdwatching and Chimpanzee Tracking in Kibale?

Yes. However, serious birders should allocate dedicated time to each activity rather than relying on the chimpanzee trek as their only forest birding opportunity.

How Many Days Do I Need?

Three days can provide a short Kibale experience, but 5–7 days gives considerably more time for birding. Ten to fourteen days allows several different habitats to be combined.

Can I See a Shoebill?

A longer itinerary can include shoebill-focused birding at an appropriate wetland destination such as Mabamba. Sightings cannot be guaranteed.

Do I Need a Chimpanzee Permit?

Yes, chimpanzee tracking is a regulated activity requiring the appropriate booking/permit arrangements. Current rules and fees should be confirmed when the safari is booked.

Can I Combine Chimpanzee Tracking with Gorilla Trekking?

Yes. Kibale and Bwindi can be connected through a western Uganda itinerary, often with Queen Elizabeth National Park between them.

Is the Safari Suitable for Beginners?

Yes. A beginner does not need to recognize bird calls or own professional equipment. A guided itinerary can introduce Uganda’s birds gradually while still including chimpanzees and general wildlife.

Experienced birders, meanwhile, can provide a target list so the itinerary can concentrate more heavily on particular habitats.

What Should I Pack?

Binoculars, reliable walking footwear, long trousers, lightweight long-sleeved clothing, rain protection, insect repellent, sun protection, a daypack and sufficient drinking water are among the most useful essentials.

Why Book a Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari with Wild Planet Safaris?

A good birding safari requires more than simply connecting famous national parks.

The route should reflect the traveler’s interests and provide enough time in each habitat.

Customized Birding Itineraries

Wild Planet Safaris can design itineraries around the birds travelers particularly want to search for, the number of days available and the additional experiences they want to include.

Birding and Primate Combinations

Chimpanzee tracking can be combined with dedicated forest birding, while longer itineraries can incorporate gorilla trekking and other primate experiences.

Birding and Wildlife Combinations

Travelers who also want a traditional African safari can add Queen Elizabeth, Murchison Falls or Lake Mburo, depending on the route and available time.

Private Safari Options

Private itineraries are particularly useful for birders because departure times and the pace of birding can be more flexible.

A productive birding location may deserve additional time rather than forcing travelers to leave simply to follow a rigid general-tour schedule.

Plan Your Uganda Birding and Chimpanzee Safari with Wild Planet Safaris

A Uganda birding and chimpanzee safari can be anything from a short Kibale getaway to an extensive journey through Uganda’s forests, wetlands and savannahs.

For a first experience, Kibale and Bigodi provide a strong combination of chimpanzees and birding. Travelers with additional time can extend into Queen Elizabeth for savannah and wetland species, Bwindi for Albertine Rift birding and gorilla trekking, or north toward Murchison Falls and Budongo.

When contacting Wild Planet Safaris, provide your approximate travel dates, number of travelers, preferred safari duration and accommodation level. Serious birders should also send a target-bird list.

Mention whether you would like to include chimpanzee tracking, gorilla trekking, shoebill birding, bird photography, boat safaris or classic wildlife viewing.

Wild Planet Safaris can then build the route around those priorities rather than placing you on a generic itinerary.

Ready to experience Uganda’s forest birds, chimpanzees, wetlands and wildlife? Plan your Uganda birding and chimpanzee safari with Wild Planet Safaris and request a customized itinerary based on your travel dates, target species, preferred safari duration and accommodation level.